This paper explores the safety considerations of using chains in construction rigging, referencing Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standard 29 CFR 1926. It emphasizes the importance of prioritizing wire rope over chains due to its inherent redundancy and the opportunity for pre-failure detection. When chains are necessary, the paper highlights the use of Grade “A” heat-treated alloy steel and discourages welding or exposure to extreme temperatures to maintain chain integrity (OSHA, 2012).

Keywords: Chain safety, Wire rope, Construction rigging, OSHA standards

Introduction

Chains are a prevalent component in construction rigging, but their use necessitates a safety-conscious approach (OSHA, 2012). This paper explores the advantages of wire rope and the critical considerations for safe chain selection and use in construction settings.

Wire Rope vs. Chains

• Redundancy: Wire rope’s strength lies in its multi-strand construction. Even with individual wire breaks, the overall rope maintains functionality until a significant portion fails (OSHA, 2012). This provides a visible warning of impending failure and an opportunity for corrective action. Chains, on the other hand, have a single point of failure at each link, posing a greater risk of sudden and catastrophic breakage.
• Pre-Failure Detection: Wire rope’s progressive failure allows for easier detection of fatigue through visual inspection (OSHA, 2012). The gradual breakage of individual wires provides a warning sign before complete failure occurs. Chains, while offering some warning through elongation, can fail abruptly with less opportunity for intervention.

Safe Chain Selection and Use

When wire rope is not feasible, prioritize Grade “A” heat-treated alloy steel chains for hoisting operations (OSHA, 29 CFR 1926.1441). This grade offers the highest strength and safety margin (OSHA, 2012). It is crucial to avoid welding or exposing these chains to excessive temperatures, as this compromises their heat treatment and reduces their strength.

Conclusion

By prioritizing wire rope for rigging when possible and utilizing Grade “A” heat-treated alloy steel chains with proper handling procedures, construction sites can significantly reduce the risk of accidents associated with chain failure. Employers hold the responsibility to comply with OSHA regulations (OSHA, 2012) and provide proper training on safe rigging practices to ensure worker safety.

Reference

Standard for Equipment with a rated hoisting/lifting capacity of 2,000 pounds or less 29 CFR § 1926.1441 Subpart CC

https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1926/1926.1441

Standard for Rigging equipment for material handling 29 CFR § 1926.251 Subpart H 1926.251(a)(5) (2012)

https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1926/1926.251