Concrete is widely used in the construction industry, but its handling poses several hazards. The primary chemical ingredient, cement, produces calcium hydroxide when combined with water, leading to various health risks. This journal explores these hazards and provides safety guidelines, adhering to OSHA standards (OSHA 29 CFR 1926) and NIOSH recommendations, to mitigate risks in construction settings.

Introduction

Concrete, an essential material in construction, is composed mainly of cement. When cement mixes with water, it forms calcium hydroxide, a highly alkaline chemical that can cause skin irritation, burns, and infections. Moreover, various chemical additives in concrete mixtures present additional hazards, making it crucial for workers to understand and follow safety protocols.

Chemical Hazards

1. Calcium Hydroxide: Contact with this chemical can lead to severe skin burns and irritation. Workers must use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent direct exposure.
2. Chemical Additives: Different additives are often used to alter the properties of concrete. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) should be consulted to understand the risks associated with these chemicals.

Safety Guidelines

To ensure safety while handling concrete, adhere to the following guidelines:

• Lifting Techniques: Employ proper lifting techniques to avoid musculoskeletal injuries. A cubic yard of concrete can weigh over 4,000 pounds.
• Cranes and Buckets: Test-lift the first bucket of concrete to ensure the crane can handle the weight. Avoid standing under suspended buckets to prevent injuries from falling concrete.
• Electrical Hazards: Wet concrete conducts electricity. Ensure all electrical cords and tools are properly grounded.
• Protruding Steel: Guard all protruding reinforcing steel to eliminate the risk of impalement or puncture wounds.

Compliance with Standards

Compliance with OSHA and NIOSH standards is vital for construction safety:

• OSHA 29 CFR 1926: Safety and Health Regulations for Construction.
• NIOSH Guidelines: Recommendations for safe workplace practices.

Conclusion

Concrete handling in construction poses significant hazards. By following established safety guidelines and adhering to OSHA and NIOSH standards, workers can minimize risks. Continuous education and adherence to safety protocols are essential for maintaining a safe construction environment.

References

Standard for Gases, vapors, fumes, dusts, and mists. 29 CFR § 1926.55 Subpart D (2019)

https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1926/1926.55

Standard for Criteria for personal protective equipment. 29 CFR § 1926.95 Subpart E (2007)

https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1926/1926.95

Standard for Requirements for equipment and tools. 29 CFR § 1926.702 Subpart Q (2024)

https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1926/1926.702

Standard for Requirements for equipment and tools. 29 CFR § 1926.701(b) Subpart Q (2024)

https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1926/1926.701

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/